This essay on The Russian Revolution was written and submitted by your fellow student. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly Russian Revolution Essay. Throughout history there have been many revolutions between the population of a country and its government. People always want change, usually in the directions of freedom, peace and equality and in the lead up to the Russian revolution; there were a variety of social, political and economic situations that all played their part Essay on The Russian Revolution in March Words | 7 Pages. The Russian Revolution in March There where many reasons that led to the fall of tsarism in march One of them was tsars' incompetence and the fact that he was incapable of finding effective ministers, or of supporting those he appointed
The Russian Revolution - Words | Essay Example
The abdication of Emperor Nicholas II in Marchin conjunction with the establishment of a provisional government based on Western principles of constitutional liberalism, and the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in November, are the political focal points of the Russian Revolutions of The events of that momentous year must also be viewed more broadly, however: as an explosion of social tensions associated with rapid industrialization; as a crisis of political modernization, in terms of the strains placed on traditional institutions by the demands of Westernization and of World War I; and as a social upheaval in 1917 russian revolution essay broadest sense, involving a massive, spontaneous expropriation of gentry land by angry peasants, the destruction of traditional social patterns and values, and the struggle for a new, egalitarian society.
Throughout, the events in Russia were of worldwide importance. As such, the Revolutions of ushered in the great social, political, and ideological divisions of the contemporary world. Historical Background Historians differ over whether the Revolutions of were inevitable, 1917 russian revolution essay, but all agree on the importance of three related causal factors: 1917 russian revolution essay discontent, the revolutionary movement, and World War I, each operating in the context of the ineptitude of a rigid, absolutist state.
The emancipation of the serfs in left the countryside in deep poverty, 1917 russian revolution essay. Government efforts to industrialize also required huge tax revenues, which intensified pressures on workers and peasants alike.
Meanwhile, the rising business and professional classes expressed unhappiness with tsarist rule and yearned for a Western-style parliamentary system. By discontent among the bourgeoisie, peasantry, 1917 russian revolution essay, and proletariat had spurred Russian intellectuals to create 1917 russian revolution essay major political organizations of The Marxist SocialDemocratic Labor party was established in Middle-class liberals formed the Constitutional Democratic party Cadets in Reluctantly, Nicholas II granted a range of civil liberties, established limited parliamentary government through a DUMA, abolished peasant redemption payments, and under Pyotr STOLYPIN began an agrarian reform program to promote the growth of a rural middle class.
These measures momentarily quieted the populace, but they also raised new expectations; many concessions were later withdrawn, 1917 russian revolution essay, thus exacerbating tensions. The March Revolution InRussia was again at war, 1917 russian revolution essay.
Land reform was suspended, and new political restrictions were imposed. The emperor, assuming command of the army inbecame identified with its weakness. By the winter ofdisaffection again rent all sectors of society, including liberals, peasants, and industrial workers.
When food shortages provoked street demonstrations in Petrograd on March 8 N. established a provisional government headed by Prince Georgi Lvov, a liberal. On the same day, the emperor abdicated. He attempted to give the crown to his brother Michael, but Michael refused to accept it. The year-old Romanov dynasty came to an end. The new provisional government was almost universally welcomed.
Civil liberties were proclaimed, new wage agreements and an 8-hour day were negotiated in Petrograd, discipline was relaxed in the army, and elections were promised for a Constituent Assembly that would organize a permanent democratic order. The existence of two seats of power, however—the provisional government and the Petrograd Soviet—not only represented a potential political rivalry but alsoreflected the different aspirations of different sectors of Russian society, 1917 russian revolution essay.
For most Russians of privilege—members of the bourgeoisie, the gentry, and many professionals—the March Revolution meant clearing the decks for victory over Germany and for the establishment of Russia as 1917 russian revolution essay leading European liberal democracy. They regarded the provisional government as the sole legitimate authority.
For most workers and peasants, however, revolution meant an end to an imperialist war, major economic reforms, and the development of an egalitarian social order. They looked to the Petrograd Soviet and other soviets springing up around the country to represent their interests, and they supported the government only insofar as it met their needs. Political Polarization Differing conceptions of the revolution quickly led to a series of crises. Widespread popular opposition to the war caused the Petrograd Soviet on April 9 N.
to repudiate annexationist ambitions and 1917 russian revolution essay establish in May a coalition government including several moderate socialists in addition to Aleksandr KERENSKY, who had been in the cabinet from the beginning. The participation of such socialists in a government that continued to prosecute the war and that failed to implement basic reforms, however, only served to identify their parties—the Socialist Revolutionaries, Mensheviks, and others—with government failures.
On July N. In early September N. Ominously, his effort was backed by the Cadets, traditionally the party of liberal constitutionalism. The crises faced by the provisional government reflected a growing polarization of Russian politics toward the 1917 russian revolution essay left and extreme right. Meanwhile, another revolution was taking place that, in the view of many, was more profound and ultimately more consequential than were the political events in Petrograd, 1917 russian revolution essay.
All over Russia, peasants were expropriating land from the gentry. Peasant-soldiers fled the trenches so as not to be left out, and the government could not stem the tide. New shortages consequently appeared in urban areas, causing scores of factories to close. Angry workers formed their own factory committees, sequestering plants to keep them running and to gain new material benefits. By the summer of a social upheaval of vast proportions was sweeping over Russia.
The November Revolution Sensing that the time was ripe, Lenin and the Bolsheviks rapidly mobilized for power. From the moment he returned from exile on Apr.
Better organized than their rivals, the Bolsheviks worked tirelessly in local election campaigns. In factories they quickly 1917 russian revolution essay to dominate major committees; they also secured growing support in local soviets, 1917 russian revolution essay.
A Bolshevik-inspired military uprising was suppressed in July. Reacting to the 1917 russian revolution essay of events, Lenin, from hiding, ordered preparations for an armed insurrection. Fully aware of what was about to transpire, the provisional regime proved helpless.
On the night of November 1917 russian revolution essay. the Bolsheviks seized power in Petrograd in the name of the soviets, meeting little armed resistance. Bolsheviks now faced thesame range of economic, social, 1917 russian revolution essay, and political problems as did the governments they had replaced.
In addition, anti-Bolsheviks began almost at once 1917 russian revolution essay organize armed resistance. Some placed hope in the Constituent Assembly, elected November 25 N. These traits soon became apparent. The November Constituent Assembly elections returned an absolute majority for the Socialist Revolutionaries, but Lenin simply dispersed the Assembly when it met in January He sued the Germans for peace, but under terms of the Treaty of BREST-LITOVSK March he was forced to surrender huge portions of traditionally Russian territory.
Shortly afterward, implementing policies called War Communism, Lenin ordered the requisition of grain from 1917 russian revolution essay countryside to feed the cities and pressed a program to nationalize virtually all Russian industry. Centralized planning began, and private trade was strictly forbidden. These measures, together with class-oriented rationing policies, prompted tens of thousands to flee 1917 russian revolution essay. Even in Moscow and Petrograd, leftist Socialist Revolutionaries took up arms against the Bolsheviks, whom they accused of betraying revolutionary ideals.
In response, the Bolsheviks unleashed their own Red Terror under the Cheka political police force and mobilized a Red Army commanded by Trotsky. WRANGEL and General Denikin in the south. Foreign troops withdrew, and after briefly marching into Poland the Red Army concentrated on subduing peasant uprisings. Some Western historians attribute ultimate Bolshevik victory in this war to White disorganization, half-hearted support from war-weary Allies, Cheka ruthlessness, and the inability of Greens to establish a viable alternative government.
Most important, however, was the fact that even while Bolshevik popularity declined, Lenin and his followers were still identified with what the majority of workers and peasants wanted most: radical social change rather than political freedom, which had never been deeply rooted 1917 russian revolution essay Russian tradition.
In contrast, the Whites represented the old, oppressive order. Nevertheless, with the counterrevolution defeated, leftist anti-Bolshevik sentiment erupted. The Menshevik and Socialist Revolutionary parties, harassed but not abolished during the civil war, gained support as the conflict ended. The Bolsheviks outlawed these parties, signaling their intention to rule alone.
Lenin, however, was astute enough to realize that a strategic retreat was required. At the Tenth Party Congress, inthe NEW ECONOMIC POLICY was introduced, restoring some private property, ending restrictions on private trade, and terminating forced grain requisitions. The foundations had been laid for building Bolshevik socialism, but the revolutionary period proper had come to an end. Animal Farm and the Russian Revolution have many similarities and ideas.
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The Russian Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 1)
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This essay on The Russian Revolution was written and submitted by your fellow student. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly Russian Revolution Essay. Throughout history there have been many revolutions between the population of a country and its government. People always want change, usually in the directions of freedom, peace and equality and in the lead up to the Russian revolution; there were a variety of social, political and economic situations that all played their part Russian Revolution Essay. Words 10 Pages. Essay Sample Check Writing Quality. Show More. Grigori Rasputin and the Russian Revolution One of the most significant events of Russian history was the Revolution. Predating the revolution, Russia was formed of a hierarchy society consisting of four piers; royalty, aristocracy
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